How to get rid of Ants

What are ants? 

Ants are both a gardener’s friend and foe. Garden ants are more of a nuisance than a real problem and they rarely damage plants directly. Ants in the house are unwelcome visitors. The lifespan of a queen ant is up to 15 years.  

Of the 11,000 species of ants in the world, an incredible 1,275 can be found in Australia. It is believed that many thousands more species exist, just waiting to be identified and classified by entomologists.  Some of the most common ants found in gardens in Australia include: 

Black garden ant (Lasius niger)

This is perhaps the most familiar ant due to the tendency in the summer for the 3mm long black worker ants to enter the house searching in kitchens for food such as sugar, fats and grains. Its nests can be found on patios and along the edges of lawns. Colonies can consist of up to 15,000 workers, although the average is about 4,000 to 7,000. Black ants eat insects, nectar, and even the bodies of dead ants from their own or other colonies. You’re most likely to see them in late summer during hot and humid weather when the brownish black winged adults swarm and mate. These are the 'flying ants' dispersing to form new colonies.

Bull ant (Myrmecia spp)

Australia is home to almost all the world’s species of bull ant.  The ants can be anything from 8mm to 40mm long and vary in colour.  Despite this, they can be distinguished from other types of ants by their large eyes and mandibles (jaws).  Bull ants are aggressive if disturbed and can deliver very painful and repeated stings.  Wear closed footwear and thick gloves when gardening to make it more difficult for bull ants to reach bare skin.  However, be aware that they can still sting through thick clothing, and some species are able to jump to deliver their venom, so try to avoid gardening near to nests of bull ants.   

Carpenter ant (Camponotus spp)

Varying in size, carpenter ants have a black body, reddish legs, and bent antennae.  These ants are nocturnal and often the first sign that they are nesting nearby will be noticeable damage to wooden structures in the garden.  Carpenter ants build their nests from chewed up wood and will take advantage of moist and decaying wooden structures.  One colony will often have several nests, to help the colony to survive if one nest is destroyed, which makes them a formidable pest to eliminate.  Make wooden structures less attractive to carpenter ants by keeping them in a good state of repair.  Ants can be deterred from entering your home by applying a barrier spray around potential entry points. 

Fire ant (Solenopsis spp)

Fire ants are typically 2mm to 6mm long, with a reddish-brown head and darker body, as well as antenna that are shaped like small clubs. They nest in the soil, often under logs and rocks, although they can also create mounds of earth of up to 40cm high.  Avoid gardening near fire ant nests as they are aggressive if disturbed.  Often many fire ants will attack at once, and their stings feel like a burn.   Solenopsis invicta, more commonly known as red imported fire ant, is an invasive species of fire ant which has only recently arrived in Australia.  If you suspect that red imported fire ant is present in your garden, check your state government approach to treatment, as a national eradication program is in place. 

Ant Damage and Symptoms

• Ants’ nests. You often see their nests before you spot the ants in the garden. The nests contain the ant colonies. During cool winter months ants are dormant and sleep in the nest. As the weather warms up they become active and leave the nest searching for food. In late summer you may see swarms of flying ants: the fertile male and female adults. After mating, the males die and the pregnant females become the new queen ants. They leave their original nest in search of a suitable site to establish a new nest of their own. The queen ant lays a few eggs in soft soil, which she will then rear herself. These are her first worker ants which will help build and run the nest once mature. 
• Ant activity on lawns and flowerbeds. A tell-tale sign that an ants’ nest is present are fine heaps of soil on lawns or in flower beds, where the worker ants deposit the soil excavated from the underground nests they are building for the queen ants. As well as interfering with mowing, these can partly bury low growing plants. Large ants’ nests may also expose the root systems of plants to the air causing the roots to dry out and the plants to wilt. 
• Aphid farming. Some ants ‘milk’ aphids for their sugary honeydew, and protect aphids by driving off their predators such as ladybird larvae. This can cause increased populations of aphids and more damage to plants. 

Ant control and treatment

Are you wondering how to get rid of ants in the house and in the garden? Here we’ve listed a few different ant pest controls, ranging from cultural and biological to chemical. All the suggestions aim to get rid of the ants’ nests, but ant controls should be used only where the nests are causing a real problem.

Ants in the house

• Sprinkle ant granules where you see ants in the house. The ants take the sugary granules back to the nest, destroying the entire colony.
• Spray with an ant stop spray insecticide which can be used on cracks and crevices on indoor and outdoor walls where ants travel. 
• Install an ant trap next to ants’ nests or runs. Worker ants collect bait from the ‘bait station’ and take it back to the nest where they share the bait with other ants in the nest, including the queen ant. 

Ants in the garden

• If you’re planning to mow the lawn and you find ants nests in the form of little heaps of excavated soil on the lawn, brush them off. It’s better to do this when the weather is dry to save the soil getting smeared across the lawn by the mower. 
• Inspect your lawn to see if years of ant activity have made the surface uneven. If so, peel back the turf where this has happened, remove the excess soil and re-lay the turf. It’s better to do this in winter when the ants are not active. 
• If the ants are really troublesome, pour boiling water on the site of the ants’ nest. 
• To get rid of ants naturally, water Steinernema feltiae onto the places where the ants are bringing soil up to the surface of lawns and flowerbeds. These are tiny worm-like nematodes and are available from suppliers of biological controls.

How to prevent ants?

It is thought that the strong scent of garlic and mint act as an ant deterrent, so try growing these herbs in pots near where you have seen ant activity in the past. It’s not possible to prevent ants establishing themselves in the garden and because ants do not eat plants and are more of a nuisance than a destructive pest, it is often better to tolerate them. They are useful creatures because they feed on organic waste or other insects. By eating the honeydew secreted by aphids, they sometimes prevent the formation of sooty mould on the leaves onto which the honeydew falls. 

Unless nests are causing damage to the lawn or flowerbeds, it is better not to disturb ants. Where a colony is destroyed, new queen ants may take over the territory and establish even more new nests.